Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling

The aid of beneficial microbes, which is a well-accepted strategy, may improve plant salt tolerance. However, the mechanisms that underpin it are unclear. In this study, seedling experiments were carried out to assess effect Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter on germination, growth, nonenzymatic enzymatic content in soybean (Glycine max L.) under stress. Water was sprayed seeds as control, with 75 mM, 150 mM NaCl findings demonstrate stress (75, mM) caused significant decrease morphological criteria, membrane stability index (MSI) when compared control but increased lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), osmotic pressure, proline, citric acid, sugar content, antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, endophytic inoculation resulted rise all above metrics.; however, these treatments reductions ROS, EL, MDA stressed plants. Finally, showed combining most efficient reducing harmful effects plants by boosting up-regulation lowering ROS.